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Java Math Abs() Round() Ceil() Floor() Min() Methods with Example

Java has had several advanced usage application including working with complex calculations in physics, architecture/designing of structures, working with Maps and corresponding latitudes/longitudes, etc.

In this tutorial, you will learn:

    Math.abs
    Math.round
    Math.ceil & Math.floor
    Math.min


All such applications require using complex calculations/equations that are tedious to perform manually. Programmatically, such calculations would involve usage of logarithms, trigonometry, exponential equations, etc.

Java Math Class Tutorial

Now, you cannot have all the log or trigonometry tables hard-coded somewhere in your application or data. The data would be enormous and complex to maintain.

Java provides a very useful class for this purpose. It is the Math java class (java.lang.Math).

This class provides methods for performing the operations like exponential, logarithm, roots and trigonometric equations too.

Let us have a look at the methods provided by the Java Math class.

The two most fundamental elements in Math are the 'e' (base of the natural logarithm) and 'pi' (ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter). These two constants are often required in the above calculations/operations.

Hence the Math class java provides these two constants as double fields.

Math.E - having a value as 2.718281828459045

Math.PI - having a value as 3.141592653589793

A) Let us have a look at the table below that shows us the Basic methods and its description

Method

Description

Arguments

abs

Returns the absolute value of the argument

Double, float, int, long

round

Returns the closed int or long (as per the argument)

double or float

ceil

Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument

Double

floor

Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument

Double

min

Returns the smallest of the two arguments

Double, float, int, long

max

Returns the largest of the two arguments

Double, float, int, long


Below is the code implementation of the above methods:

Note: There is no need to explicitly import java.lang.Math as its imported implicitly. All its methods are static.

Integer Variable

int i1 = 27;
int i2 = -45;

Double(decimal) variables
double d1 = 84.6;
double d2 = 0.45;

Math.abs

public class Guru99 {
 public static void main(String args[]) {

  int i1 = 27;
  int i2 = -45;
  double d1 = 84.6;
  double d2 = 0.45;
  System.out.println("Absolute value of i1: " + Math.abs(i1));

  System.out.println("Absolute value of i2: " + Math.abs(i2));

  System.out.println("Absolute value of d1: " + Math.abs(d1));

  System.out.println("Absolute value of d2: " + Math.abs(d2));

 }
}

Output:

Absolute value of i1: 27
Absolute value of i2: 45
Absolute value of d1: 84.6
Absolute value of d2: 0.45

Math.round

public class Guru99 {
 public static void main(String args[]) {
  double d1 = 84.6;
  double d2 = 0.45;
  System.out.println("Round off for d1: " + Math.round(d1));

  System.out.println("Round off for d2: " + Math.round(d2));
 }
}

Output:

Round off for d1: 85
Round off for d2: 0

Math.ceil & Math.floor

public class Guru99 {
 public static void main(String args[]) {
  double d1 = 84.6;
  double d2 = 0.45;
  System.out.println("Ceiling of '" + d1 + "' = " + Math.ceil(d1));

  System.out.println("Floor of '" + d1 + "' = " + Math.floor(d1));

  System.out.println("Ceiling of '" + d2 + "' = " + Math.ceil(d2));

  System.out.println("Floor of '" + d2 + "' = " + Math.floor(d2));

 }
}

Output:

Ceiling of '84.6' = 85.0
Floor of '84.6' = 84.0
Ceiling of '0.45' = 1.0
Floor of '0.45' = 0.0

Math.min

public class Guru99 {
 public static void main(String args[]) {
  int i1 = 27;
  int i2 = -45;
  double d1 = 84.6;
  double d2 = 0.45;
  System.out.println("Minimum out of '" + i1 + "' and '" + i2 + "' = " + Math.min(i1, i2));

  System.out.println("Maximum out of '" + i1 + "' and '" + i2 + "' = " + Math.max(i1, i2));

  System.out.println("Minimum out of '" + d1 + "' and '" + d2 + "' = " + Math.min(d1, d2));

  System.out.println("Maximum out of '" + d1 + "' and '" + d2 + "' = " + Math.max(d1, d2));

 }
}

Output:

Minimum out of '27' and '-45' = -45
Maximum out of '27' and '-45' = 27
Minimum out of '84.6' and '0.45' = 0.45
Maximum out of '84.6' and '0.45' = 84.6

B) Let us have a look at the table below that shows us the Exponential and Logarithmic methods and its description-

Method

Description

Arguments

exp

Returns the base of natural log (e) to the power of argument

Double

Log

Returns the natural log of the argument

double

Pow

Takes 2 arguments as input and returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the second argument

Double

floor

Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument

Double

Sqrt

Returns the square root of the argument

Double

Below is the code implementation of the above methods: (The same variables are used as above)
Below is the code implementation of the above methods: (The same variables are used as above)
public class Exp_math {
 public static void main(String args[]) 
{ double d1 = 84.6; double d2 = 0.45; System.out.println("exp(" + d2 + ") = " + Math.exp(d2)); System.out.println("log(" + d2 + ") = " + Math.log(d2)); System.out.println("pow(5, 3) = " + Math.pow(5.0, 3.0)); System.out.println("sqrt(16) = " + Math.sqrt(16)); } }
Output:
exp(0.45) = 1.568312185490169
log(0.45) = -0.7985076962177716
pow(5, 3) = 125.0
sqrt(16) = 4.0
C) Let us have a look at the table below that shows us the Trigonometric methods and its

description-

Method

Description

Arguments

Sin

Returns the Sine of the specified argument

Double

Cos

Returns the Cosine of the specified argument

double

Tan

Returns the Tangent of the specified argument

Double

Atan2

Converts rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar(r, theta) and returns theta

Double

toDegrees

Converts the arguments to degrees

Double

Sqrt

Returns the square root of the argument

Double

toRadians

Converts the arguments to radians

Double

Default Arguments are in Radians

Below is the code implementation:

public class Sin_Math 
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ double angle_30 = 30.0; double radian_30 = Math.toRadians(angle_30); System.out.println("sin(30) = " + Math.sin(radian_30)); System.out.println("cos(30) = " + Math.cos(radian_30)); System.out.println("tan(30) = " + Math.tan(radian_30)); System.out.println("Theta = " + Math.atan2(4, 2)); } }
Output:
sin(30) = 0.49999999999999994
cos(30) = 0.8660254037844387
tan(30) = 0.5773502691896257
Theta = 1.1071487177940904

Now, with the above, you can also design your own scientific calculator in java.

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